Nitrogen Fixer

5 - 10

110 - 150

June-August

5.6 - 6.0

Arachidic acid Behenic acid Gallic acid Linoleic acid Myristic acid Oleic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid

Peanuts, peanut butter, peanut oil, groundnut stew, peanut soup

Seeds

The peanut plant is susceptible to various pests, including: 1. Thrips: These tiny insects suck sap from leaves, causing stunted growth and leaf distortion. 2. Aphids: These insects feed on plant sap, leading to yellowing leaves and reduced yields. 3. Leafhoppers: These insects can transmit diseases and cause ...
more The peanut plant is susceptible to various pests, including: 1. Thrips: These tiny insects suck sap from leaves, causing stunted growth and leaf distortion. 2. Aphids: These insects feed on plant sap, leading to yellowing leaves and reduced yields. 3. Leafhoppers: These insects can transmit diseases and cause leaf yellowing and wilting. 4. Spider mites: These tiny arachnids spin webs on leaves, causing damage and reduced photosynthesis. 5. Whiteflies: These insects suck sap and can transmit viruses. 6. Armyworms: These caterpillars feed on leaves and can cause significant defoliation. 7. Cutworms: These caterpillars cut seedlings at the soil line, causing plant death. 8. Wireworms: These larvae feed on roots and can stunt plant growth. 9. Nematodes: These microscopic worms can damage roots, leading to poor plant vigor and reduced yields. 10. Storage pests: Insects such as moths and beetles can infest stored peanuts, causing damage and economic losses.

Peanut plants release compounds that repel aphids, thrips, whiteflies, spider mites, and stink bugs. These insects are deterred by the plant's trichomes, or tiny hairs, which secrete a sticky substance that traps and immobilizes them. The plant also produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have ...
more Peanut plants release compounds that repel aphids, thrips, whiteflies, spider mites, and stink bugs. These insects are deterred by the plant's trichomes, or tiny hairs, which secrete a sticky substance that traps and immobilizes them. The plant also produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have insecticidal properties.

Ladybugs , Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings , Hoverflies, Bees , Butterflies , Wasps Ladybugs , Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings , Hoverflies, Bees , Butterflies , Wasps

The peanut plant is a valuable crop, producing both edible seeds and oil. A single peanut plant can yield between 30 and 50 pods, each containing an average of two seeds. Each acre of peanut plants can produce approximately 2,000 to 3,000 pounds of peanuts, ...
more The peanut plant is a valuable crop, producing both edible seeds and oil. A single peanut plant can yield between 30 and 50 pods, each containing an average of two seeds. Each acre of peanut plants can produce approximately 2,000 to 3,000 pounds of peanuts, which equates to around 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of kernels. The peanut industry contributes significantly to the global food supply, with an estimated annual production of around 46 million metric tons.

1. Determine maturity by checking for yellowed leaves and dark brown pod interiors. 2. Dig up the entire plant when the soil is slightly moist, as dry soil can damage the pods. 3. Shake off excess soil from the roots. 4. Carefully remove the pods from the roots. 5. ...
more 1. Determine maturity by checking for yellowed leaves and dark brown pod interiors. 2. Dig up the entire plant when the soil is slightly moist, as dry soil can damage the pods. 3. Shake off excess soil from the roots. 4. Carefully remove the pods from the roots. 5. Avoid bruising the pods as this can affect their storage quality. 6. Allow the pods to dry for several days in a well-ventilated area to reduce moisture content. 7. Store the dry pods in a cool, dry place with good air circulation. 8. If storing for long periods, place the pods in an airtight container or bag. 9. Monitor the pods regularly for signs of spoilage or pests. 10. Remove any damaged or infected pods to prevent spoilage from spreading.

Roots Antibacterial and antifungal: Extracts from the roots have shown activity against various bacteria and fungi. Anti-inflammatory: Compounds found in the roots possess anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce inflammation in the body. Diuretic: The roots have diuretic effects, promoting the production of urine and eliminating excess water from ...
more Roots Antibacterial and antifungal: Extracts from the roots have shown activity against various bacteria and fungi. Anti-inflammatory: Compounds found in the roots possess anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce inflammation in the body. Diuretic: The roots have diuretic effects, promoting the production of urine and eliminating excess water from the body. Anti-hypertensive: Some studies suggest that the roots may have blood pressure-lowering effects. Leaves Vulnerary: Extracts from the leaves are traditionally used to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Antioxidant: The leaves contain antioxidants that help protect the body from cell damage caused by free radicals. Antispasmodic: The leaves have antispasmodic properties, helping to relieve muscle tension and spasms. Stimulant: The leaves contain caffeine, which can stimulate the central nervous system and increase alertness. Seeds Cardioprotective: The seeds are a good source of resveratrol, a compound linked to improved heart health. Anti-inflammatory: Peanuts contain polyphenols, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Hypocholesterolemic: The seeds can help lower cholesterol levels in the blood. Antimicrobial: Extracts from the seeds have shown antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and fungi. Oil Emollient: Peanut oil is used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emollient to soften and hydrate the skin. Massage: Peanut oil is a suitable carrier oil for massage therapy. Cooking: Peanut oil is commonly used for cooking due to its high smoke point and neutral flavor. Other parts of the plant: Stems: Used traditionally to treat gastrointestinal issues and respiratory infections. Flowers: Have been studied for their antioxidant and anti-allergic properties. Hulls: Used as a fertilizer or animal feed. Cautions: It's important to note that peanuts are a known allergen and should be avoided by individuals with peanut allergies. Excessive consumption of peanuts may also contribute to weight gain due to their high fat content.

Nutritional Value: Rich in protein, fiber, unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) Good source of minerals (magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc) Contains vitamins (niacin, folate, vitamin E) Antioxidants (e.g., resveratrol, isoflavones) Health Benefits: 1. Heart Health: Unsaturated fats help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol and raise HDL (good) cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease. Fiber ...
more Nutritional Value: Rich in protein, fiber, unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) Good source of minerals (magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc) Contains vitamins (niacin, folate, vitamin E) Antioxidants (e.g., resveratrol, isoflavones) Health Benefits: 1. Heart Health: Unsaturated fats help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol and raise HDL (good) cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease. Fiber helps reduce blood pressure and improve blood sugar control. 2. Weight Management: Fiber promotes satiety and fullness, helping control appetite and maintain a healthy weight. Protein is essential for building and maintaining muscle mass, increasing metabolism. 3. Diabetes Prevention and Management: Fiber slows down the absorption of sugar, helping regulate blood sugar levels. Magnesium helps improve insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. 4. Cancer Prevention: Antioxidants in peanuts have been associated with a reduced risk of certain types of cancer, such as prostate and colorectal cancer. Fiber helps maintain a healthy gut environment, which may protect against some forms of cancer. 5. Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Resveratrol, an antioxidant found in peanuts, possesses anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. 6. Neurological Benefits: Niacin (vitamin B3) is essential for brain function and memory. Folate is important for fetal development and may reduce the risk of neural tube defects. 7. Skin Health: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. Zinc is involved in wound healing and skin regeneration. Other Benefits: May improve bone health due to its calcium content. Rich in phytosterols, which have been shown to lower cholesterol levels. Source of energy due to its high calorie content.

1-2

6

24 - 150

0

0

Full sun

65°F

Peanut plants thrive in warm climates with well-drained, sandy loam soils. They require ample sunlight, regular irrigation, and temperatures between 65-95°F (18-35°C) for optimal growth. The ideal pH range for peanut cultivation is between 5.5 and 6.5. Peanut plants are native to South America and ...
more Peanut plants thrive in warm climates with well-drained, sandy loam soils. They require ample sunlight, regular irrigation, and temperatures between 65-95°F (18-35°C) for optimal growth. The ideal pH range for peanut cultivation is between 5.5 and 6.5. Peanut plants are native to South America and are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. They can tolerate a range of soil conditions, but prefer soils that are loose, well-aerated, and rich in organic matter. Adequate drainage is essential to prevent root rot and other diseases. Peanut plants require consistent moisture throughout the growing season, especially during the flowering and pod-filling stages. Excessive rainfall or waterlogging can lead to stunted growth and disease issues.

The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) has a low, spreading growth habit, with shoots that trail along the ground. Its leaves are opposite, compound, and pinnate, with two pairs of leaflets. The flowers are yellow and pea-like, appearing in leaf axils. After pollination, the flowers produce ...
more The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) has a low, spreading growth habit, with shoots that trail along the ground. Its leaves are opposite, compound, and pinnate, with two pairs of leaflets. The flowers are yellow and pea-like, appearing in leaf axils. After pollination, the flowers produce a peg that elongates and enters the soil, where the fruit, a pod containing two or three seeds, develops underground.

Nightshades (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, potatoes) Legumes (beans, peas, soybeans) Brassicas (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale) Cucurbits (melons, squash, cucumbers) Alliums (onions, garlic, shallots, leeks) Asteraceae (sunflowers, daisies, zinnias) Brassicaceae (mustard, canola, horseradish) Convolvulaceae (morning glories, sweet potatoes) Malvaceae (cotton, okra) Plantaginaceae (plantains, speedwells) Poaceae (grasses, cereals) Polygonaceae (sorrel, rhubarb) Nightshades (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, potatoes) Legumes (beans, peas, soybeans) Brassicas (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale) Cucurbits (melons, squash, cucumbers) Alliums (onions, garlic, shallots, leeks) Asteraceae (sunflowers, daisies, zinnias) Brassicaceae (mustard, canola, horseradish) Convolvulaceae (morning glories, sweet potatoes) Malvaceae (cotton, okra) Plantaginaceae (plantains, speedwells) Poaceae (grasses, cereals) Polygonaceae (sorrel, rhubarb)

Peanut leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) is a fungal disease that causes brown spots on the leaves of peanut plants. The spots can enlarge and merge, causing the leaves to turn yellow and drop off. Peanut leaf spot can reduce yields by up to 50%. Peanut stem ...
more Peanut leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) is a fungal disease that causes brown spots on the leaves of peanut plants. The spots can enlarge and merge, causing the leaves to turn yellow and drop off. Peanut leaf spot can reduce yields by up to 50%. Peanut stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) is a fungal disease that causes a white mold to grow on the stems of peanut plants. The mold can girdle the stem, causing the plant to wilt and die. Peanut stem rot can reduce yields by up to 25%. Peanut root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) is a fungal disease that causes the roots of peanut plants to rot. The roots turn brown and mushy, and the plants wilt and die. Peanut root rot can reduce yields by up to 30%. Peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) is a fungal disease that causes orange-brown pustules to form on the leaves of peanut plants. The pustules contain spores that can be spread by wind and rain. Peanut rust can reduce yields by up to 10%. Peanut mosaic virus (PMV) is a virus that causes a mosaic pattern of light and dark green areas on the leaves of peanut plants. The mosaic pattern can stunt the growth of the plants and reduce yields. PMV is transmitted by aphids.

Nitrogen fixation:*Peanut plants form a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form, enriching the soil for other crops. Erosion control:*The dense foliage and root system of peanut plants help prevent soil erosion, protecting water quality and ecosystems. Pollination:*Peanut flowers attract a wide ...
more Nitrogen fixation:*Peanut plants form a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form, enriching the soil for other crops. Erosion control:*The dense foliage and root system of peanut plants help prevent soil erosion, protecting water quality and ecosystems. Pollination:*Peanut flowers attract a wide variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and moths, supporting biodiversity. Food source:*Peanuts are a rich source of protein, fiber, and other nutrients, serving as a staple food in many diets worldwide. Oil production:*Peanut oil is a highly versatile vegetable oil used in cooking, salad dressings, and other products. Biofuel production:*Peanut shells can be processed into biofuel, providing a renewable energy source. Animal feed:*Peanut meal, a byproduct of oil extraction, is a high-protein supplement for livestock and poultry. Soil health:*Peanut rotation improves soil structure, reduces disease pressure, and enhances soil fertility for subsequent crops. Wildlife habitat:*Peanut fields provide cover and nesting sites for various birds, mammals, and insects. Economic value:*Peanut cultivation generates income for farmers and supports rural communities, contributing to local economies.

1. Select mature peanut pods from healthy plants. 2. Remove the seeds from the pods and inspect them for any damage or defects. 3. Treat the seeds with a fungicide solution to prevent fungal infections. 4. Fill seed trays or beds with a well-draining potting mix. 5. Sow the ...
more 1. Select mature peanut pods from healthy plants. 2. Remove the seeds from the pods and inspect them for any damage or defects. 3. Treat the seeds with a fungicide solution to prevent fungal infections. 4. Fill seed trays or beds with a well-draining potting mix. 5. Sow the seeds 1-2 inches deep and 6-8 inches apart. 6. Keep the soil moist but not soggy, and provide adequate sunlight. 7. Fertilize the seedlings with a balanced fertilizer every few weeks. 8. Once the seedlings have developed a few sets of leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or the ground. 9. Peanut plants require warm temperatures and loose, well-drained soil to thrive. 10. Water the plants regularly, especially during flowering and fruit production.

Care for Northern Hardy Valencia Peanut Plants after Planting and before Harvesting: Fertilization: * Fertilize lightly 4-6 weeks after planting with a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10 or similar). * Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can reduce yields. Watering: * Water regularly, especially during hot, dry spells. * Aim for 1-2 inches of water ...
more Care for Northern Hardy Valencia Peanut Plants after Planting and before Harvesting: Fertilization: * Fertilize lightly 4-6 weeks after planting with a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10 or similar). * Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can reduce yields. Watering: * Water regularly, especially during hot, dry spells. * Aim for 1-2 inches of water per week. * Avoid overwatering, as it can cause root rot. Weed Control: * Control weeds regularly to prevent competition for resources. * Use herbicides labeled for use on peanuts. * Hand-pull or hoe weeds as needed. Disease and Pest Management: * Monitor plants for signs of disease or pests. * Treat promptly with appropriate pesticides or fungicides, if necessary. * Common pests include aphids, thrips, and spider mites. Hilling (for Bush-Type Varieties): * Hilling involves gradually covering the base of the plants with soil. * This helps support upright growth and prevents pods from touching the ground. Suckering (for Runner-Type Varieties): * Remove suckers (lateral branches) that grow from the base of the plants. * This helps direct energy into pod production. Cultivation: * Cultivate the soil lightly around the plants to control weeds and aerate the roots. * Avoid deep cultivation, as it can damage the root system. Maturity and Harvesting: * Northern Hardy Valencia peanuts typically mature in 90-120 days. * Signs of maturity include: * Yellowing of leaves * Drying of vines * Formation of pods below ground * Dig plants up once the pods are mature. * Cure the pods in a warm, dry place for several weeks to allow them to dry completely before shelling. Additional Tips: * Rotate peanut crops with other crops to prevent disease buildup. * Plant peanuts in well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0-6.5. * Use disease-resistant varieties whenever possible. * Inspect plants regularly for any signs of stress or problems.