Nitrogen Fixer

4 - 4

60 - 90

Summer

6.0 to 6.5

Isoquercetin Kaempferol Myricetin Vitexin Beta-sitosterol Stigmasterol Alpha-spinasterol Campesterol

Black;eyed peas, Cowpeas, Southern peas

seeds, sprouts, leaves, pods

Aphids: Feed on plant sap, causing stunted growth and wilting. Bean beetles: Consume leaves and pods, leaving holes and reducing yield. Cabbage looper: Caterpillars feed on leaves, creating large holes. Codling moth: Larvae bore into pods, damaging peas and limiting production. Cutworms: Cut off seedlings at the base of ...
more Aphids: Feed on plant sap, causing stunted growth and wilting. Bean beetles: Consume leaves and pods, leaving holes and reducing yield. Cabbage looper: Caterpillars feed on leaves, creating large holes. Codling moth: Larvae bore into pods, damaging peas and limiting production. Cutworms: Cut off seedlings at the base of the stem, hindering growth and establishment. Flea beetles: Tiny beetles that jump and feed on foliage, causing significant damage to young plants. Leafhoppers: Suck sap from leaves, resulting in yellowing and stunted growth. Pea weevils: Adults lay eggs in developing peas, causing damage and reducing quality. Root-knot nematodes: Microscopic worms that create galls on roots, impeding nutrient uptake and plant growth. Slugs: Feed on leaves and pods, leaving slimy trails and causing damage to plant tissues.

Aphids, weevils, nematodes, cucumber beetles, and squash bugs are all insects deterred by the pea plant. Aphids, weevils, nematodes, cucumber beetles, and squash bugs are all insects deterred by the pea plant.

- Ladybugs - Lacewings - Hoverflies - Parasitoid wasps - Minute pirate bugs - Predatory mites - Ladybugs - Lacewings - Hoverflies - Parasitoid wasps - Minute pirate bugs - Predatory mites

Pea plants typically produce 20-50 pods per plant, with each pod containing 5-10 peas. A single pea plant can yield up to 100 peas. High-yielding pea varieties can produce up to 200 peas per plant. The average yield of pea plants is around 1,000 pounds per acre, with ...
more Pea plants typically produce 20-50 pods per plant, with each pod containing 5-10 peas. A single pea plant can yield up to 100 peas. High-yielding pea varieties can produce up to 200 peas per plant. The average yield of pea plants is around 1,000 pounds per acre, with yields varying based on growing conditions and variety. Pea plants can be used for commercial production or grown in home gardens.

1. Harvest once the pods are plump and have turned from green to a lighter shade, often cream or yellow. 2. Check for maturity by gently squeezing the pods; they should be slightly soft but still firm. 3. Avoid harvesting when the pods are too mature, as ...
more 1. Harvest once the pods are plump and have turned from green to a lighter shade, often cream or yellow. 2. Check for maturity by gently squeezing the pods; they should be slightly soft but still firm. 3. Avoid harvesting when the pods are too mature, as the peas will have lost their sweetness. 4. Harvest early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the temperatures are cooler. 5. Hold the vine at one end and gently pull down on the pods. 6. Twist the pods to remove them from the plant. 7. Avoid pulling too hard, as this can damage the vine. 8. After harvesting, immediately shell the peas to prevent sugar loss. 9. Store peas in a cool, humid environment to preserve鮮度. 10. Consume or refrigerate peas within a few days of harvesting for optimal flavor and nutritional value.

Anti-inflammatory: Rich in antioxidants and phytonutrients that combat inflammation in the body. Antioxidant: Contains vitamins A, C, and E, and flavonoids like lutein and zeaxanthin, which protect cells from free radical damage. Cholesterol-lowering: High in soluble fiber (pectin), which binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract and helps remove it ...
more Anti-inflammatory: Rich in antioxidants and phytonutrients that combat inflammation in the body. Antioxidant: Contains vitamins A, C, and E, and flavonoids like lutein and zeaxanthin, which protect cells from free radical damage. Cholesterol-lowering: High in soluble fiber (pectin), which binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract and helps remove it from the body. Blood sugar control: Soluble fiber helps slow down the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, preventing blood sugar spikes. Hypertension management: Potassium content helps lower blood pressure. Weight loss: High in fiber, which promotes satiety and reduces calorie intake. Cancer prevention: Antioxidants and phytonutrient coumestrol have been linked to reducing the risk of certain types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and colon cancer. Digestive health: Soluble and insoluble fiber promotes regular bowel movements and prevents constipation. Immune system support: Vitamin C and zinc contribute to immune health. Other: Vision health: Lutein and zeaxanthin protect the eyes from age-related macular degeneration. Kidney stones: The compound asparagine can help dissolve kidney stones. Osteoporosis: Vitamin K is important for bone health. Skin health: Vitamin C is essential for collagen production, which gives skin its elasticity and firmness.

Improved Heart Health: Rich in fiber, which lowers cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of heart disease. Contains flavonoids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect the heart. May help regulate blood pressure due to their potassium content. Reduced Risk of Cancer: Contain antioxidants, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, ...
more Improved Heart Health: Rich in fiber, which lowers cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of heart disease. Contains flavonoids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect the heart. May help regulate blood pressure due to their potassium content. Reduced Risk of Cancer: Contain antioxidants, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which have been linked to a lower risk of certain types of cancer, including colon and prostate cancer. Rich in fiber, which promotes regular bowel movements and may reduce the risk of colon cancer. Improved Digestion: Excellent source of dietary fiber, which helps promote regularity and prevent constipation. Contains prebiotics, which feed beneficial gut bacteria and improve digestion. Reduced Inflammation: Rich in antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, which have anti-inflammatory effects. Contains flavonoids, which may suppress inflammatory responses in the body. Boosted Immune Function: Good source of vitamins A and C, which are essential for a healthy immune system. Contain antioxidants, which help protect the body from harmful free radicals and infections. Other Health Benefits: Bone health: Peas are a good source of calcium and vitamin K, which are important for bone growth and maintenance. Weight management: Peas are low in calories and high in fiber, making them a filling and healthy snack. Blood sugar control: Peas have a low glycemic index, meaning they release sugar into the bloodstream slowly, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. Brain function: Peas contain choline, an essential nutrient for brain development and function. Additional Notes: The health benefits of peas may vary depending on the type and preparation method. Fresh or frozen peas are generally considered healthier than canned peas, which may contain added salt or sugar. Peas can be consumed in a variety of ways, such as cooked in salads, soups, stews, or as a side dish.

1-2

4

1.5 to 3 feet - 90

0

0

full sun

70°F

The pea plant is native to the Mediterranean region, where it grows in temperate climates with well-drained soils and full sun exposure. It can also be found in North America, Europe, and Asia, where it has been introduced as a food crop or for ornamental ...
more The pea plant is native to the Mediterranean region, where it grows in temperate climates with well-drained soils and full sun exposure. It can also be found in North America, Europe, and Asia, where it has been introduced as a food crop or for ornamental purposes. Pea plants typically grow in fields, gardens, and along roadsides, and they prefer moist, nitrogen-rich soils with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0.

Bush pea plants are compact and upright, growing to a height of around 12-18 inches. They have a bushy habit, with multiple stems branching out from the base of the plant. The stems are relatively weak and may need support, especially when laden with pods. ...
more Bush pea plants are compact and upright, growing to a height of around 12-18 inches. They have a bushy habit, with multiple stems branching out from the base of the plant. The stems are relatively weak and may need support, especially when laden with pods. Bush peas are typically grown in rows, with plants spaced 6-8 inches apart. They require full sun and well-drained soil and are relatively easy to grow.

Alliums (e.g., onions, garlic, chives) Asparagus Brassicas (e.g., cabbage, broccoli, kale) Cucurbits (e.g., cucumbers, squash, pumpkins) Leeks Lettuce Melons Potatoes Spinach Sunflowers Tomatoes Alliums (e.g., onions, garlic, chives) Asparagus Brassicas (e.g., cabbage, broccoli, kale) Cucurbits (e.g., cucumbers, squash, pumpkins) Leeks Lettuce Melons Potatoes Spinach Sunflowers Tomatoes

Bacterial diseases: Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) Bacterial wilt (Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. michiganense) Root rot (Rhizobium leguminosarum) Fungal diseases: Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi) Botrytis gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) Downy mildew (Peronospora viciae) Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi) powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) Pythium rot (Pythium ultimum) Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) Sclerotinia white mold (Sclerotinia ...
more Bacterial diseases: Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) Bacterial wilt (Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. michiganense) Root rot (Rhizobium leguminosarum) Fungal diseases: Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi) Botrytis gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) Downy mildew (Peronospora viciae) Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi) powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) Pythium rot (Pythium ultimum) Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) Sclerotinia white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) Viral diseases: Pea enation mosaic virus Pea seed-borne mosaic virus Pea stunt virus Nematode diseases: Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) Other diseases: Downy mildew (Peronospora pisi) Pea streak Leaf spot (Cercospora pisi) Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) Grey mold (Botryotinia fukeliana) Mosaic (Pea virus 2) Rust (Uromyces pisi) Stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)

The pea plant, Pisum sativum, serves a crucial ecological role in various ecosystems: 1. Nitrogen Fixation:*Pea plants are legumes that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms, enriching the soil and benefiting neighboring plants. 2. Soil Improvement:*Pea roots release ...
more The pea plant, Pisum sativum, serves a crucial ecological role in various ecosystems: 1. Nitrogen Fixation:*Pea plants are legumes that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms, enriching the soil and benefiting neighboring plants. 2. Soil Improvement:*Pea roots release organic matter and mucus into the soil, improving soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. 3. Erosion Prevention:*Pea plants' dense root systems anchor the soil, preventing erosion and protecting watersheds. 4. Pest Management:*Certain pea varieties release volatile compounds that deter pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. 5. Food Source:*The edible seeds, pods, and flowers of pea plants provide a nutritious food source for animals and humans. 6. Habitat Provision:*Pea plants provide shelter and nesting sites for various insects, birds, and small mammals. 7. Ecosystem Stability:*By enhancing soil fertility, preventing erosion, and supporting diverse wildlife, pea plants contribute to the balance and stability of ecosystems. 8. Genetic Model:*Pea plants have been used extensively in genetic research, leading to advancements in understanding inheritance patterns and genetic manipulation. 9. Carbon Sequestration:*Pea plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, contributing to carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. 10. Sustainability:*As a nitrogen-fixing crop, pea plants reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and reducing environmental impacts.

1. Select mature pea plants: Choose healthy plants with well-developed pods. 2. Extract seeds: Open the pods and remove the mature, plump seeds. 3. Prepare a growing medium: Fill containers with a well-draining soil mix. 4. Sow the seeds: Sow the seeds shallowly, about 1 inch deep, and ...
more 1. Select mature pea plants: Choose healthy plants with well-developed pods. 2. Extract seeds: Open the pods and remove the mature, plump seeds. 3. Prepare a growing medium: Fill containers with a well-draining soil mix. 4. Sow the seeds: Sow the seeds shallowly, about 1 inch deep, and space them several inches apart. 5. Water thoroughly: Water the soil deeply and keep it moist but not waterlogged. 6. Provide support: As the plants grow, install stakes or trellises for support. 7. Pinch off tips (optional): When the plants are about 6 inches tall, pinch off the tips to encourage branching and more flowers. 8. Pollinate the flowers: Pea plants are self-pollinating, but cross-pollination can improve genetic diversity. 9. Harvest the pods: When the pods are fully developed and the peas are plump, harvest them for consumption or saving seeds. 10. Collect seeds: Allow the pods to dry completely, then remove and store the dried peas for future planting.

After Planting: * Water regularly: Water deeply and consistently, especially during dry spells. Avoid overwatering. * Fertilize: Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer every 3-4 weeks. * Mulch: Spread a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the plants to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. * Weed control: ...
more After Planting: * Water regularly: Water deeply and consistently, especially during dry spells. Avoid overwatering. * Fertilize: Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer every 3-4 weeks. * Mulch: Spread a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the plants to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. * Weed control: Keep the area around the plants free of weeds by hand-pulling or hoeing. During Growth: * Trellis or support: Provide a trellis or stakes for the vines to climb on. This will help prevent breakage and improve air circulation. * Remove side shoots: Pinch off side shoots that develop along the main stem to promote larger, more productive pods. * Control pests and diseases: Monitor plants for pests and diseases, such as aphids, bean beetles, and bacterial blight. Treat promptly according to the recommended methods. Before Harvesting: * Check for maturity: Peas are ready to harvest when the pods are plump and the peas inside are firm and fully developed. * Harvest frequently: Harvest peas often to encourage continued production. * Harvest by hand: Gently pull the pods off the vines without damaging the plants. After Harvesting: * Remove spent plants: Once the plants have finished producing, remove them from the garden and compost them. * Prepare for the next season: Rotate the peas to a different location in the garden each year to prevent disease buildup. * Maintain soil health: Amend the soil with organic matter, such as compost or manure, to improve fertility and drainage.