Pest Repellent

5 - 10

90 - 120

July to September

6.0 - 6.8

Quercetin, Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin, Anthocyanins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Sulfur compounds (including allicin, thiosulfinates, and S-methylcysteine), Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

Soup, stew, stir;fry, quiche, pie, salad, chutney, pickle, relish

bulb, leaves (green tops)

Thrips: Tiny, slender insects that feed on plant sap, causing silvery streaks and stunted growth. Onion Maggots: Larvae of flies that tunnel into the base of onions, causing them to rot. Cutworms: Caterpillars that cut off young onion plants at the soil line. Onion Flies: Larvae of flies ...
more Thrips: Tiny, slender insects that feed on plant sap, causing silvery streaks and stunted growth. Onion Maggots: Larvae of flies that tunnel into the base of onions, causing them to rot. Cutworms: Caterpillars that cut off young onion plants at the soil line. Onion Flies: Larvae of flies that feed on onion bulbs, causing them to become soft and mushy. Stem Nematodes: Microscopic roundworms that live in the onion stems, causing them to swell and weaken. Smudge: A bacterial disease that causes dark, watery spots on onion leaves and bulbs. Downy Mildew: A fungal disease that forms a grayish-white mold on onion leaves, leading to yellowing and wilting. Purple Blotch: A fungal disease that causes purple or brown lesions on onion leaves. Botrytis Rot: A fungal disease that causes onions to develop a soft, watery rot. Onion Smut: A fungal disease that infects onion seedlings, causing them to develop black pustules and stunt their growth.

, Aphids , Thrips , Spider mites , Cabbage worms , Carrot flies , Aphids , Thrips , Spider mites , Cabbage worms , Carrot flies

Hoverflies, Ladybugs, Lacewings, Syrphid flies, Tachinid flies, Minute pirate bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Assassin bugs, Praying mantises Hoverflies, Ladybugs, Lacewings, Syrphid flies, Tachinid flies, Minute pirate bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Assassin bugs, Praying mantises

An onion plant can yield up to 2-3 pounds of onions, depending on the variety. The weight of an onion ranges from small (3-4 ounces) to large (12-16 ounces). The yield per acre can vary from 20,000 to 40,000 pounds, depending on factors such as climate, soil ...
more An onion plant can yield up to 2-3 pounds of onions, depending on the variety. The weight of an onion ranges from small (3-4 ounces) to large (12-16 ounces). The yield per acre can vary from 20,000 to 40,000 pounds, depending on factors such as climate, soil conditions, and irrigation. The number of onions per plant can range from 5 to 12, depending on the spacing and size of the bulbs. Onions are a relatively high-yielding crop, with a high percentage of usable product.

1. Harvest onions when the tops have fallen over and turned brown. 2. Use a shovel to gently loosen the soil around the onions. 3. Grip the onion tops and pull them up gently to lift the onions from the ground. 4. Brush off any excess dirt from ...
more 1. Harvest onions when the tops have fallen over and turned brown. 2. Use a shovel to gently loosen the soil around the onions. 3. Grip the onion tops and pull them up gently to lift the onions from the ground. 4. Brush off any excess dirt from the onions. 5. Spread the onions in a single layer in a well-ventilated area. 6. Allow the onions to cure for 2-3 weeks in a warm, dry place with good air circulation. 7. During curing, the onions' necks will shrink and the outer skins will become papery. 8. Once cured, trim the tops and roots from the onions. 9. Store the onions in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. 10. Properly cured onions can be stored for several months.

Antioxidant activity: Onions are a rich source of antioxidants, which can help protect your cells from damage. Antioxidants can help reduce your risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. Anti-inflammatory activity: Onions also have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation throughout ...
more Antioxidant activity: Onions are a rich source of antioxidants, which can help protect your cells from damage. Antioxidants can help reduce your risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. Anti-inflammatory activity: Onions also have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation throughout your body. Inflammation is a major risk factor for developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. Antimicrobial activity: Onions have antimicrobial properties, which can help fight off infections. Onions have been shown to be effective against a variety of bacteria, including E. coli and Salmonella. Blood sugar control: Onions can help improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. Onions contain a compound called quercetin, which has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar levels. Heart health: Onions are a good source of fiber and potassium, which can help improve heart health. Fiber can help lower cholesterol levels and reduce your risk of developing heart disease. Potassium can help lower blood pressure and reduce your risk of stroke. Cancer prevention: Onions contain a variety of compounds that have been shown to have anti-cancer properties. These compounds include quercetin, kaempferol, and allicin. These compounds have been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and protect against DNA damage. Other medicinal uses: Onions have also been shown to have a variety of other medicinal uses, including: Immune system support: Onions can help boost your immune system and protect you from illness. Onions contain a compound called allicin, which has been shown to have antibacterial and antiviral properties. Digestive health: Onions can help improve digestive health. Onions contain a compound called inulin, which is a prebiotic fiber that can help promote the growth of good bacteria in your gut. Skin health: Onions can help improve skin health. Onions contain a compound called quercetin, which has been shown to protect against UV damage and improve collagen production.

Cardiovascular Health: Lowers cholesterol levels: Quercetin, an antioxidant found in onions, inhibits the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. Reduces blood pressure: Onion extracts contain sulfur compounds that relax blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. Thins the blood: Onions contain allicin, a compound that helps prevent blood clots. Anti-inflammatory Properties: Reduces ...
more Cardiovascular Health: Lowers cholesterol levels: Quercetin, an antioxidant found in onions, inhibits the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. Reduces blood pressure: Onion extracts contain sulfur compounds that relax blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. Thins the blood: Onions contain allicin, a compound that helps prevent blood clots. Anti-inflammatory Properties: Reduces joint pain: Onions contain quercetin, which has anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate joint pain in conditions like arthritis. Soothes respiratory issues: Allicin has antibacterial and antiviral properties that can help improve symptoms of respiratory infections like colds and bronchitis. Alleviates skin conditions: Onion extracts have been shown to reduce inflammation in skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Antioxidant Activity: Protects against cell damage: Onions are rich in antioxidants, including vitamin C, quercetin, and sulfur compounds, which help neutralize free radicals and protect cells from damage. Reduces cancer risk: Some studies have suggested that onion consumption may be linked to a reduced risk of certain cancers, including stomach, colorectal, and lung cancer. Other Health Benefits: Improves bone health: Onions are a good source of calcium, which is essential for maintaining strong bones. Boosts digestion: Onions promote the production of digestive juices and contain prebiotics, which feed beneficial bacteria in the gut. Regulates blood sugar levels: Onions contain fiber, which helps slow down the absorption of sugar and regulate blood sugar levels. Enhances immune function: Onions contain vitamin C and other antioxidants that support the immune system. Protects against allergies: Quercetin in onions has been shown to inhibit the release of histamine, which is involved in allergic reactions.

1-2

4

1 to 3 feet - 120

0

0

6-12

55-65°F (13-18°C)

y

Onion plants thrive in well-drained, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. They prefer full sun and regular watering, especially during the initial growth stage. Onions require cool temperatures during the early stages of growth and warmer temperatures as they mature. They can ...
more Onion plants thrive in well-drained, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. They prefer full sun and regular watering, especially during the initial growth stage. Onions require cool temperatures during the early stages of growth and warmer temperatures as they mature. They can tolerate light frost but are susceptible to extreme temperature fluctuations. Optimal growing conditions include temperatures between 13-18°C (55-64°F). Onions can be grown in various climates, from temperate to semi-arid regions, as long as their specific soil and temperature requirements are met.

Onion plants (Allium cepa) exhibit a tufted growth habit, characterized by a cluster of narrowly cylindrical leaves emerging from a central point. The basal portion of the leaves forms a succulent bulbous structure, the edible part of the plant. During the growing season, the plant ...
more Onion plants (Allium cepa) exhibit a tufted growth habit, characterized by a cluster of narrowly cylindrical leaves emerging from a central point. The basal portion of the leaves forms a succulent bulbous structure, the edible part of the plant. During the growing season, the plant produces an elongated, hollow stem bearing spherical flowers. After flowering, the stem dries and the bulb matures and goes dormant until the next growing season.

Asparagus: Onions and asparagus compete for nutrients and water, and the asparagus can stunt the growth of the onions. Brassicas: Onions and brassicas, such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower, are both heavy feeders and can compete for nutrients in the soil. Corn: Onions and corn can both ...
more Asparagus: Onions and asparagus compete for nutrients and water, and the asparagus can stunt the growth of the onions. Brassicas: Onions and brassicas, such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower, are both heavy feeders and can compete for nutrients in the soil. Corn: Onions and corn can both be susceptible to the same pests and diseases, and planting them together can increase the risk of both plants becoming infected. Legumes: Onions and legumes, such as beans and peas, can both benefit from the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the roots of legumes. However, the legumes can also compete with the onions for water and nutrients. Spinach: Onions and spinach both require a lot of water, and planting them together can lead to competition for water resources. Strawberries: Onions and strawberries can both be susceptible to the same pests and diseases, and planting them together can increase the risk of both plants becoming infected. Tomatoes: Onions and tomatoes are both heavy feeders and can compete for nutrients in the soil. Additionally, the onions can release sulfur compounds into the soil that can stunt the growth of the tomatoes.

Fungal Diseases: White Rot: Caused by Sclerotium cepivorum, this fungus infects roots and bulbs, causing them to rot and turn white and soft. Purple Blotch: Caused by Alternaria porri, this fungus appears as purple-brown spots on leaves and bulbs, leading to decay and premature leaf loss. Downy Mildew: ...
more Fungal Diseases: White Rot: Caused by Sclerotium cepivorum, this fungus infects roots and bulbs, causing them to rot and turn white and soft. Purple Blotch: Caused by Alternaria porri, this fungus appears as purple-brown spots on leaves and bulbs, leading to decay and premature leaf loss. Downy Mildew: Caused by Peronospora destructor, this fungus produces a grayish-green fuzz on leaves, causing them to wilt and die. Botrytis Rot: Caused by Botrytis cinerea, this fungus causes soft rot of bulbs and leaves, typically in humid conditions. Fusarium Basal Rot: Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, this fungus infects the base of the bulb, causing it to rot and wilt. Bacterial Diseases: Bacterial Soft Rot: Caused by various bacteria, including Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas marginalis, this disease causes a soft, slimy rot of bulbs and leaves. Bacterial Center Rot: Caused by Burkholderia gladioli pv. alliicola, this bacterium infects the base of the bulb, causing it to rot from the inside out. Viral Diseases: Yellow Dwarf Virus: Transmitted by aphids, this virus stunts onion plants, causes yellowing of leaves, and reduces bulb size. Onion Yellow Stripe Virus: Also transmitted by aphids, this virus causes yellow striping and wilting of leaves, leading to stunted growth and poor bulb development. Other Diseases: Onion Smut: Caused by Urocystis cepulae, this fungus forms black, powdery masses on onion bulbs, reducing their quality and marketability. Pink Root: Caused by Pyrenochaeta terrestris, this fungal disease causes pink discoloration of onion roots, reducing plant growth and bulb yield. Nematodes: Parasitic nematodes, such as root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), can infect onion roots, causing stunted growth, reduced yield, and bulb damage.

The onion plant (Allium cepa) holds significant ecological importance: 1. Food source for wildlife:*Its bulbs and leaves provide nutrients for insects, birds, and small mammals. 2. Habitat for insects:*The onion plant's intricate structure creates shelter and nesting sites for various insects. 3. Pollinator attraction:*Its showy flowers attract pollinators ...
more The onion plant (Allium cepa) holds significant ecological importance: 1. Food source for wildlife:*Its bulbs and leaves provide nutrients for insects, birds, and small mammals. 2. Habitat for insects:*The onion plant's intricate structure creates shelter and nesting sites for various insects. 3. Pollinator attraction:*Its showy flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, aiding in pollination processes. 4. Nitrogen fixation:*Onion plants can form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, enriching the soil with this essential nutrient. 5. Phytoremediation:*They have the ability to absorb and store heavy metals from contaminated soils. 6. Herbal medicine:*Traditional healers utilize onion for its medicinal properties, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. 7. Companion planting:*Onion plants can deter certain pests and improve the growth of neighboring plants when used as companion plants. 8. Carbon sequestration:*Onion cultivation helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, contributing to climate change mitigation. 9. Water conservation:*Onions are relatively drought-tolerant, making them a water-efficient crop. 10. Erosion control:*The extensive root system of onion plants helps stabilize soil and prevent erosion.

1. Select healthy onions: Choose large, firm onions with no signs of damage or rot. 2. Cut the top: Remove the top third of the onion, leaving a cone-shaped base. 3. Cut "X" into the base: Make an "X" cut about 1 inch deep into the bottom ...
more 1. Select healthy onions: Choose large, firm onions with no signs of damage or rot. 2. Cut the top: Remove the top third of the onion, leaving a cone-shaped base. 3. Cut "X" into the base: Make an "X" cut about 1 inch deep into the bottom of the onion root base. 4. Remove the root disc: Carefully remove the small, brown root disc from the center of the onion base. 5. Place in water: Submerge the onion base in a glass or container filled with room-temperature water. 6. Set in sunlight: Place the water-filled container in a sunny location but avoid direct sunlight. 7. Change water daily: Replace the water daily to prevent bacterial growth. 8. Wait for root growth: Within a few days, small roots will begin to develop from the "X" cut. 9. Pot or transplant: Once the roots are about 1 inch long, carefully transplant the onion into a pot or garden bed. 10. Water regularly and fertilize: Keep the soil moist but not soggy, and fertilize the onion plant once a month with a balanced fertilizer.

Care for Onion Bulbs After Planting: Watering: * Water deeply after planting, especially if the soil is dry. * Establish a regular watering schedule, providing 1-2 inches of water per week. * Ensure the soil is moist but not soggy. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to rot. Fertilizing: * Fertilize ...
more Care for Onion Bulbs After Planting: Watering: * Water deeply after planting, especially if the soil is dry. * Establish a regular watering schedule, providing 1-2 inches of water per week. * Ensure the soil is moist but not soggy. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to rot. Fertilizing: * Fertilize sparingly, as onions are generally light feeders. * Use a balanced fertilizer with a nitrogen-to-phosphorus-to-potassium ratio of 15-15-15. * Fertilize once or twice during the growing season, approximately 4 and 8 weeks after planting. Soil Cultivation: * Keep the soil loose and free of weeds by hoeing or mulching around the plants. * Remove any weeds that compete for nutrients and moisture. Pest and Disease Management: * Inspect plants regularly for signs of pests or diseases. * Treat any infestations promptly using appropriate insecticides or fungicides. * Practice crop rotation to minimize disease buildup. Hilling: * As onions grow, gently hill soil around the base of the plants to support the developing bulbs. * Hilling helps prevent the bulbs from being exposed to sunlight, which can cause sunburn. Care for Onion Bulbs Before Harvesting: Watering: * Reduce watering frequency gradually as the bulbs mature. * Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to soft or splitting bulbs. Fertilizing: * Stop fertilizing once the bulbs start to swell. Signs of Maturity: * The tops of the plants will turn brown and fall over. * The bulbs will be firm to the touch and have a papery outer skin. Harvesting: * Harvest onions when the tops have completely wilted and the bulbs are well-formed. * Carefully dig up the bulbs using a shovel or spade. * Allow the bulbs to dry in a warm, well-ventilated area for several weeks before storing.